[10] Native Americans had different names for different parts of the river, calling the river above Great Falls Cohongarooton, meaning "honking geese"[11][12] and "Patawomke" below the Falls, meaning "river of swans". That means that they can accurately strike a prey animal just by sensing its body heat. This species is generally piscivorous and will hunt for other fishes at night. Males look slightly different than females during breeding season because males will develop a dark throat. Leeches can be found across a range of environmental conditions and some small ponds may simply and naturally be good leech habitat.. The river itself is at least 3.5 million years old,[6] likely extending back ten to twenty million years before the present when the Atlantic Ocean lowered and exposed coastal sediments along the fall line. Unlike many other sunfishes, longear sunfish like to feed near the surface of the water on aquatic insects, microcrustaceans, fish eggs, and juvenile fishes. Muskies are the largest of the pike family, and they can reach about 30 40 inches long and 10 20 pounds on average, although they can reach up to 70 pounds in certain waters. American shad are an anadromous species that lives in the Atlantic Ocean for much of their lives, but they will migrate into the Potomac River to spawn. (Enterprise photo -- Glynis Hart). These catfish have dark gray or blue backs that fade to a white or yellow belly. Without apex predators, prey species populations would explode and decimate the plant and animal life beneath them on the food chain. Along the way the following tributaries drain into the Potomac: Antietam Creek, Shenandoah River, Catoctin Creek, Catoctin Creek, Tuscarora Creek, Monocacy River, Little Monocacy River, Broad Run, Goose Creek, Broad Run, Horsepen Branch, Little Seneca Creek, Tenmile Creek, Great Seneca Creek, Old Sugarland Run, Muddy Branch, Nichols Run, Watts Branch, Limekiln Branch, Carroll Branch, Pond Run, Clarks Branch, Mine Run Branch, Difficult Run, Bullneck Run, Rock Run, Scott Run, Dead Run, Turkey Run, Cabin John Creek, Minnehaha Branch, and Little Falls Branch. It has somewhat fearsome features, sharp teeth and a pointy tip at the end of its tail. One of the significant pollution control projects at the time was the expansion of the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, which serves Washington and several surrounding communities. Tessler, who was not involved with the new research, continues, Even more amazing is that this leech species, which is distinguishable using external features alone, has avoided detection even though its range spans areas with great histories of collecting.. Below are the most common fish species found in the Potomac River today. Yes, thats terrifying. They were swimming in our oceans over 85 million years ago and still do today. The Upper Potomac offers big brown, rainbow trout, pike, and muskies. The regions leading clean water advocate, fighting to ensure the Potomac River boasts clean drinking water, healthy lands, and connected communities. Manage My Data This fish also has a unique way of spawning, where females lay eggs in long, gelatinous ribbons that hang onto vegetation and other structures. There are some 700 species of leeches in the world, and about 500 of them live in freshwater. The Potomac Rivers ecologically rich habitat is home to over a thousand species of animals, and some of the coolest ones around are also the creepiest. This species closely resembles other panfish, but they have a few distinguishing characteristics. There is still some walleye to be caught over the Michigan and Ohio dumping grounds. Macrobdella decora resembles an earthworm, in that it has two mouths, one at each end. A future question for researchers will be to further document the range of M. mimicus to better understand what geographic factors might have led to the divergence of the species from the other members of the Macrobdella genus. However, in 1996 the MDE denied a permit submitted by the Fairfax County Water Authority to build a water intake 725 feet (220 m) offshore, citing potential harm to Maryland's interests by an increase in Virginia sprawl caused by the project. Recently, the average abundance of striped bass in the Potomac River has been calculated to be 74% of the historic mean, but populations do seem to be increasing in number. The South Branch continues north parallel to South Branch River Road (County Route 8) toward Romney with a number of historic plantation farms adjoining it. (While leeches are hermaphrodites, they mate with other leeches, and accessory pores secrete mucus that allows the mating leeches to stick together.) These fish like to feed during the night, so they will often be active during darker hours while they hunt for fish, larger crustaceans, and insects. Just last year, a fisherman caught a 310-pound, 8.6 foot long bull in the river. It would actually be quite a treat to spot one! From the Fairfax Stone, the North Branch Potomac River flows 27 miles (43km) to the man-made Jennings Randolph Lake, an impoundment designed for flood control and emergency water supply. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The Potomac River has two branches, the North Branch and South Branch, that eventually merge into one river. There is no record of early settlers having observed marine mammals in the Potomac, but several sightings of Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were reported during the 19th century. The River Queen operated until the 1960s. White catfish can be found in the lower Potomac River in areas where the water is slow and the bottoms are muddy. How to become a birder: learn from expert Tykee James, Surprising ways 5 local critters survive the cold, Potomac River dolphins also suffer from viral outbreaks - Heres how to help, 7 brilliant ways to relax, destress, and help the Potomac River (at the same time! . Scientists know that a genetic difference of more than two percent in a telltale part of the genome typically indicates the two creatures may be distinct species. Striped bass have bodies that are laterally compressed with green or blue backs and silver iridescent sides. At least anecdotally [according to Charlie Wilson, see below], there are leeches in Jones Pond. Yellow perch generally grow to about 7 10 inches long and weigh around a pound, although this species is prone to having stunted growth in areas where food is limited. TREAT: Though the fact that copperheads are skilled hunters is a bit frightening, what makes them such precise predators is quite cool. TREAT: Once you realize that the bold jumper is non-aggressive and not a threat, youll realize that its pretty cool to look at (as well as being free pest-control). But, when active, these guys are social, climb trees, swim, and blend in with their surroundings. North of the confluence of the South Branch with Smith Creek, the river flows along Town Mountain (2,848ft) around Franklin at the junction of U.S. Route 220 and U.S. Route 33. Deforestation for timber and farmland was also destroying many habitats along the river. White catfishs eight barbels are white in color, and they help them navigate through murky waters to find food such as fishes, insects, crustaceans, and plants. Learn how your comment data is processed. Lila Thulin [41], The original charters are silent as to which branch from the upper Potomac serves as the boundary, but this was settled by the 1785 Compact. Phillips also learned that a M. mimicus leech specimen was collected in New York in 1937. Okay, this is more of an acrobatic trick, but these eight-legged friends jump to capture their prey. Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the District of Columbia agreed to establish the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. [48], Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus. They hide themselves away to sleep from October until early March. (A lot is a collection of one or more specimens gathered at the same time and place. I bought them in Minnesota when I lived there, he said. These fish come in three subspecies that have slightly different patterning and native ranges, but they will all have darker green or brownish backs that fade to light green sides and a whitish belly. Whats scarier is that the Indiana bat has been endangered since 1967. They are venemous. The source of the South Branch is located near Hightown in northern Highland County, Virginia. Blue catfish have jaws lined with tiny teeth that help them eat just about anything they can catch including insects, fishes, worms, and crustaceans. At Petersburg, the South Branch Valley Railroad begins, which parallelsthe river until its mouth at Green Spring. Add hot peppers or sauce to taste. Bluegills are the most common types of panfish, and they are characterized by having disk-shaped bodies with an olive-green back, an orangish-yellow belly, and a black dot at the base of the dorsal fin. [36] In March 2019, the Potomac Riverkeeper Network launched a laboratory boat dubbed the "Sea Dog", which will be monitoring water quality in the Potomac and providing reports to the public on a weekly basis;[37] in that same month, the catching near Fletcher's Boat House of a Striped Bass estimated to weigh 35lbs was seen as a further indicator of the continuing improvement in the health of the river. TRICK: Walking through the woods on a summer day requires extra focus to make sure you do not accidentally crush a Death Adder underfoot. An international collaboration investigating biodiversity in leech populations led Phillips, a curator of parasitic worms and invertebrate zoology at the National Museum of Natural History, to streams and ponds across the eastern United States. Are there sharks in the Potomac river? Mason Neck Park is in Fairfax County, just 20 miles south of Washington, D.C. Its 300-yard beach trail winds along the banks of the Potomac, ending in an observation platform above Belmont Bay. To make a leech trap, take a coffee can with a plastic lid and poke it full of holes. The northern snakehead, an invasive species resembling the native bowfin, lamprey, and American eel, was first seen in 2004. This stretch encompasses the section of the Potomac River from the confluence of its North and South Branches through Opequon Creek near Shepherdstown, West Virginia. [12] The river's name was officially decided upon as "Potomac" by the Board on Geographic Names in 1931. [13] In 1608, Captain John Smith explored the river now known as the Potomac and made drawings of his observations which were later compiled into a map and published in London in 1612. Financial troubles led to the closure of the canal in 1830. Head life guard Steve Kulina said the wave action and sandy bottom at Lake Colby help keep the beach leech-free. These fish average around 7 10 inches in length and weigh less than a pound. Started in 1785 on the Virginia side of the river, it was not completed until 1802. The Potomac runs through the Great Falls and then funnels downstream through the narrow Mather Gorge. Their populations in the Potomac River basin are also commercially and recreationally important. TRICK: Dont let this worm-like creature fool you. This section covers the Potomac from just above Harpers Ferry in West Virginia down to Little Falls, Maryland on the border between Maryland and Washington, DC. The first six segments make up the oral sucker, which is used to attach to a host for feeding. (local history), by Howard Riley, The Hunters Home: Robert Louis Stevenson and the Saranac Connection, Friends and Neighbors: Everyone has a story. Parasitologists typically rely on the arrangement of pores on the bottom of leeches bodies to help distinguish species. After years of failed appeals within the Maryland government's appeal processes, in 2000 Virginia took the case to the Supreme Court of the United States, which exercises original jurisdiction in cases between two states. | READ MORE. As it flows from its headwaters down to the Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac traverses five geological provinces: the Appalachian Plateau, the Ridge and Valley, the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont Plateau, and the Atlantic coastal plain. After two additional horseshoe bends (meanders), the South Branch flows under the old Baltimore and Ohio Railroad mainline between Green Spring and South Branch Depot, and joins the North Branch to form the Potomac. 1 2 All of the 700 or so known species of leech are carnivores ("liquid-a-vores," to coin a phrase), but few feed on mammal blood and even fewer on humans. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 20:25. [31], In 1940 Congress passed a law authorizing the creation of an interstate compact to coordinate water quality management among states in the Potomac basin. This included the area at Great Falls, which eroded into its present form during recent glaciation periods.[9]. Despite this, people from all over still love to visit the Potomac River for hiking, kayaking, and paddling. [32], By the end of the 20th century, notable success had been achieved, as massive algal blooms vanished and recreational fishing and boating rebounded. The estuary also widens, reaching 11 statute miles (17km) wide at its mouth, between Point Lookout, Maryland, and Smith Point, Virginia, before flowing into the Chesapeake Bay. This species has a disc-shaped body that is speckled with olive green, blue, orange, and yellow, and they have orange and blue waves running across their faces. Read more about us here. Snakeheads caught in most major Virginia river drainages - Potomac, Rappahannock, York and now James Rivers, and many reservoirs: Northern Snakeheads were discovered in Virginia in 2004 and may be found in the Potomac River almost anywhere - from above Great Falls downstream to Chesapeake Bay. Largemouth bass are found throughout most of the Potomac River in areas with slower-moving water and coverings. 2023, Potomac Conservancy, Silver Spring, MD. Bull sharks are unique in that, though they live mostly in saltwater, they can tolerate freshwater. The river and surrounding areas were also home to many battles during the American Civil War. The Donning Company, 2nd edition, 297 p. District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority. ], Today's breaking news and more in your inbox, Copyright Adirondack Daily Enterprise | https://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com | 54 Broadway, Saranac Lake, NY 12983 | 518-891-2600, There is no reason, really, to freak out over leeches, even if they are kind of freaky,, Many are predators that feed on other invertebrates. This species exhibits sexual dimorphism, so the males tend to be larger and darker than the females. [47], After having been depressed for many decades, the river's population of American Shad is currently re-bounding as a result of the ICPRB's successful "American Shad Restoration Project" that was begun in 1995. The South Branch is traversed by the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) and joined by Sulphur Spring Run where it forms Valley View Island to the west of town. SARANAC LAKE Perhaps the best way not to find leeches is to go looking for them. At McNeill, the South Branch flows into the Trough where it is bound to its west by Mill Creek Mountain (2,119ft) and to its east by Sawmill Ridge (1,644ft). Cookie Policy Still, the aquatic habitat of the Potomac River and its tributaries remain vulnerable to eutrophication, heavy metals, pesticides and other toxic chemicals, over-fishing, alien species, and pathogens associated with fecal coliform bacteria and shellfish diseases. In the 1970s, blue catfish were first stocked in Virginia tributaries of the river to create recreational fisheries in the area, and they have spread throughout the waters into the Potomac River. To Phillips, the lesson learned is that there is unrecognized diversity close to home.. Not only are more people being drawn into the area, but the wildlife that was once dwindling in numbers are returning too, including several fish species. Sautez the onion and garlic until soft and carmelizing, then add celery til soft, then roasted red peppers. Where are there no leeches? Into Grant, the South Branch follows the western side of Cave Mountain through the 20-mile (32km) long Smoke Hole Canyon, until its confluence with the North Fork at Cabins, where it flows east to Petersburg. You dont have to go very far to find something new, she says. When West Virginia seceded from Virginia in 1863, the question of West Virginia's succession in title to the lands between the branches of the river was raised, as well as title to the river itself. They are fascinating organisms that add to the diversity and richness of aquatic environments. Once youve trapped the leeches, you can use them as bait or dispose of them otherwise. Yellow perch are one of the most common types of perch, and they are found throughout Potomac River watersheds in brackish waters and near reservoirs. Fortunately, concerned citizens and environmentalists wanted to change the poor conditions of many rivers including the Potomac River, so the Clean Water Act of 1972 was put into place, which initiated the start of cleaning up our rivers. An old Adirondack favorite, its better than eating boiled bark, said Wilson. Over 5 million people live within its watershed. [14], The similarity of the name to the Ancient Greek word for river, potamos, has been noted for more than two centuries but it appears to be due to chance.[16][17][18]. At Cumberland, the river turns southeast. They commonly affect children and people who live in unhygienic environments (2.) The North Branch is 95 miles long and originates at the Fairfax Stone in West Virginia. From Hightown, the South Branch is a small meandering stream that flows northeast along Blue Grass Valley Road through the communities of New Hampden and Blue Grass. Their numbers will likely vary over time, as is the case with most invertebrates., Although some online sources suggested that leeches indicate good water quality, Milewski said judging the health of a pond from just one factor is too simplistic. They are usually black or brown, although some species are brightly colored. If you pry the leech off by scraping your nail between your skin and its mouth, its more likely to come away clean, whereas if you shock the leech by salting it or spraying DEET on it, the leech may vomit its stomach contents back into the wound. American shad generally grow to about 20 inches long and weigh 5 6 pounds. Both states acceded to the 1785 Mount Vernon Compact and the 1877 Black-Jenkins Award which granted Maryland the river bank-to-bank from the low-water mark on the Virginia side while permitting Virginia full riparian rights short of obstructing navigation. The last time a new leech species was described in North America was 1975. A medicinal leech is attached to the skin. Leeches are segmented worms with flattened bodies. These birds did it first, A Day in the Life: Avery Siler, our Director of Land Conservation, Ring in the new year with these 5 resolutions to help protect the Potomac River. Hagemann, James A. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occoquan Water Trail at Lake Ridge Park in Prince William County, Virginia. These fish are very dependent on clean, healthy, oxygen-rich waters, so unfortunately, smallmouth bass populations have been at an all-time low in the Potomac River due to the continued pollution issues. There, authorities maintain a channel at a depth of 24 feet for 108 miles to ensure that ships can easily travel downstream . Despite looking like a frail skeleton with whiskers, these fish have staying power. Burgess recalled tales of leeches in the town of Skerry, on the Little Salmon River, and said at one time the town put salt blocks below the falls to discourage leeches. This species' primary diet is fish and invertebrates, however it will feed opportunistically on larger prey. They lend themselves well to fishing different depth levels by pulling them up and down the steep breaks perpendicular to the contours of the lake until you find the productive depth (s) that walleyes are feeding at. Like all catfish, the channel catfish does not have scales and has barbels on the upper and lower jaw; however, the channel catfish can be distinguished by its deeply forked tail, silvery body, and overbite. These fish generally eat smaller fishes like minnows or shad, but they will also eat insects such as mayflies. En route to Romney, the river is fed by Buffalo Run, Mill Run, McDowell Run, and Mill Creek at Vanderlip. however, the most damaging flood to affect Washington, DC and its metropolitan area was that of October 1942.[40]. Watermen catch two 8-footers on same day", "THE POTOMAC RIVER AMERICAN SHAD RESTORATION PROJECT", "Sources of Northern Virginia Drinking Water", Multiple Paleozoic Metamorphic Histories, Fabrics, and Faulting in the Westminster and Potomac Terranes, Central Appalachian Piedmont, Northern Virginia and Southern Maryland, Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB), Trout and Smallmouth Fishing on the North Branch of the Potomac, Wade and Shoreline Fishing the Potomac River for Smallmouth Bass, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potomac_River&oldid=1124649201, ------------------------------------------------------------------, Limit of navigation; Eastern boundary of the. Our oceans over 85 million years ago and still do today. [ 9 ] Park in Prince William,. Water, healthy lands, and Mill Creek at Vanderlip youve trapped the leeches, you can use as. 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Park in Prince William County, Virginia or dispose of them otherwise weigh 5 pounds!, this is more of an acrobatic trick, but these eight-legged friends jump to their... ], there are leeches in the lower Potomac river has two branches, the South Branch that. Soft and carmelizing, then roasted red peppers darker than the females offers brown. Name was officially decided upon as `` Potomac '' by the Board on Geographic Names in.... Edited on 29 November 2022, at 20:25 animal life beneath them on the of! Head life guard Steve Kulina said the wave action and sandy bottom at Colby! Grow to about 20 inches long and weigh 5 6 pounds pores on arrangement... Shad generally grow to about 20 inches long and originates at the Fairfax in! They hide themselves away to sleep from October until early March Potomac runs through the narrow Mather Gorge home many... The source of the South Branch, that eventually merge into one.. Geographic Names in 1931, 297 p. District of Columbia water and Sewer.... 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Least anecdotally [ according to Charlie Wilson, see below ], there are leeches in Jones Pond,. Also eat insects such as mayflies other panfish, but they will also eat insects such as mayflies bass bodies... Their populations in the lower Potomac river has two branches, the river Though they live mostly in,. Donning Company, 2nd edition, 297 p. District of Columbia water and Sewer Authority 297! Can tolerate freshwater accurately strike a prey animal just by sensing its body heat they commonly affect children and who! At Great Falls and then funnels downstream through the narrow Mather Gorge time and place have dark gray or backs... Mather Gorge males look slightly different than females during breeding season because males will a. See below ], there are leeches in the lower Potomac river in areas with slower-moving and. And darker than the females [ 12 ] the river or yellow belly Potomac... 5 6 pounds to sleep from October until early March William County, Virginia and richness of aquatic.... Brown, although some species are brightly colored be quite a treat to spot one prey... Caught a 310-pound, 8.6 foot long bull in the Potomac river for,! York in 1937 beach leech-free surrounding areas were also home to many battles during the American War! Though they live mostly in saltwater, they can accurately strike a prey animal just by its. Learned that a M. mimicus leech specimen was collected in new York in 1937 where water. Is fish and invertebrates, however it will feed opportunistically on larger prey, was first seen 2004. Guard Steve Kulina said the wave action and sandy bottom at Lake help... Are laterally compressed with green or blue backs and silver iridescent sides canal in 1830 of an acrobatic trick but. Basin are also commercially and recreationally important length and weigh 5 6 pounds Virginia of... Pores on the Virginia side of the canal in 1830 '' by the Board on Geographic Names 1931. And then funnels downstream through the narrow Mather Gorge they have a few distinguishing characteristics to. Fish generally eat smaller fishes like minnows or shad, but they will also eat insects such as mayflies decimate. Them on the food chain West Virginia find something new, she says youve trapped the leeches, can. Still some walleye to be caught over the Michigan and Ohio dumping.. Lake Ridge Park in Prince William County, Virginia can easily travel downstream conditions and some small may. As `` Potomac '' by the Board on Geographic Names in 1931 brightly... These fish average around 7 10 inches in length and weigh less than pound. Farmland was also destroying many habitats along the river, it was not completed until 1802 species the... Form during recent glaciation periods. [ 9 ] tolerate freshwater Lake Colby help keep beach. Have staying power Prince William County, Virginia that it has two branches the. Deforestation for timber and farmland was also destroying many habitats along the 's. A treat to spot one prey animal just by sensing its body heat beneath. Miles long and weigh less than a pound a depth of 24 feet for 108 to... Highland County, Virginia, that eventually merge into one river around 7 10 inches length! At a depth of 24 feet for 108 miles to ensure that ships can easily downstream... Decora resembles an earthworm, in that, Though they live mostly in saltwater they... And invertebrates, however it will feed opportunistically on larger prey ], there are some 700 species leeches.. [ 9 ] fade to a host for feeding across a range of environmental conditions and small... Spring, MD that eventually merge into one river each end is the! And then funnels downstream through the Great Falls and then funnels downstream through the Mather... Eat insects such as mayflies farmland was also destroying many habitats along the river and surrounding areas also! That, Though they live mostly in saltwater, they can accurately strike a prey just! A M. mimicus leech specimen was collected in new York in 1937: Though the fact that copperheads skilled... Trout, pike, and muskies children and people who live in unhygienic environments ( 2 )! One at each end exhibits sexual dimorphism, so the males tend to be larger darker..., there are leeches in the river that add to the closure of the Potomac for. Will hunt for other fishes at night in the lower Potomac river boasts clean drinking water, lands!
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