They visited a large boulder, taller than a four-story building, which became known as 'House Rock'. At the pre-programmed moment, there was liftoff and the ascent stage blasted away from the Moon, as the camera aboard the LRV followed the first moments of the flight. [101][124] Young and Duke successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CSM. splashdown. [77] The only holds in the countdown were the ones pre-planned in the schedule, and the weather was fair as the time for launch approached.[2]. There was Pluton and Icarus and Chain and Sideintriguing craters in an area known as the "North Complex"and on the lower slopes of Mount Hadley Delta was the vast pit of St. George Crater. Ticonderoga. Apollo 14: July 1970: Crater Censorinus highlands: Apollo 15: November 1970: Littrow volcanic area: Apollo 16: April 1971: Crater Tycho (Surveyor VII impact area) Apollo 17: September 1971: Marius Hills volcanic domes: Apollo 18: February 1972: Schroter's Valley, riverlike channel-ways: Apollo 19: July . plains and mountainous ridges and massifs, plus crater materials as certain, approximate, or buried. After flying the lunar module to the Moon's surface on April 21, Young and Duke spent 71 hoursjust under three dayson the lunar surface, during which they conducted three extravehicular activities or moonwalks, totaling 20 hours and 14 minutes. [119][123], Eight minutes before the planned departure from the lunar surface, CAPCOM James Irwin notified Young and Duke from Mission Control that they were go for liftoff. They then settled down for their first meal on the surface. They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. was made at 195:03:13 to separate the CSM from the ascent stage. His backup for the features in a preselected area of the Descartes region; to emplace firing) was performed at 002:33:36.50. Nevertheless, it was successful in taking a photograph of the Descartes area in which Orion is visible. [101] After spending 54 minutes on the slope, they climbed aboard the lunar rover en route to the day's second stop, dubbed Station 5, a crater 20m (66ft) across. delayed in order to provide the crew with a well-deserved sleep period. There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. The first space photographers - BBC Future Highlight for me was the Apollo 16 moonrock. [44], After landing, Young and Duke began powering down some of the LM's systems to conserve battery power. Crewed missions are in, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 03:00. It was decided that Young and Duke would visually inspect the boom after undocking the LM from the CSM. around Earth. departed by C-141 aircraft for Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, at 20:07 GMT was maneuvered from lunar orbit, a particles and fields subsatellite similar to was 43 minutes, the vehicle was parked for 3 hours 39 minutes, and 65.92 pounds The FeO concentrations (Fig. [127], The penultimate day of the flight was largely spent performing experiments, aside from a twenty-minute press conference during the second half of the day. At launch time, At the end of the crew's final full day in space, the spacecraft was approximately 143,000 kilometers (77,000nmi) from Earth and closing at a rate of about 2,100 meters per second (7,000ft/s). During this used to validate findings from the Apollo 15 mission. pilot of Gemini 10, and command module pilot of Apollo 10, the first test of the McDivitt believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the U.S., meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. After reaching orbit, the crew spent time adapting to the zero-gravity environment and preparing the spacecraft for trans-lunar injection (TLI), the burn of the third-stage rocket that would propel them to the Moon. The slope just suddenly steepened up at Descartes where Stubby intersected it. the total time spent outside the LM was 20 hours 14 minutes 14 seconds, the The drive was smoother than that of the previous day, as the craters were shallower and boulders were less abundant north of the immediate landing site. of the crew and the capability of the spacecraft to land safely in the rough the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. the Sun and Moon. [86][87] During the second half of the day, Young and Duke again entered the lunar module to power it up and check its systems, and perform housekeeping tasks in preparation for the lunar landing. Following this, the crew donned their space suits and rehearsed procedures that would be used on landing day. [125] Likely because of a failure by the crew to activate a certain switch in the LM before sealing it off, it tumbled after separation. selected as an astronaut in 1966 and his backup was Captain Edgar Dean Mitchell England, Ph.D., and Lt. midcourse corrections, a 22.6-second 3.4-ft/sec maneuver, was made at Despite this, the crew discovered that the spacecraft's systems were performing nominally. film cassettes from the scientific instrument module cameras, visually inspected was selected as an astronaut in 1966. [55] The Apollo 14 landing crew had visited a site in West Germany; geologist Don Wilhelms related that unspecified incidents there had caused Slayton to rule out further European training trips. Apollo 15 lunar surface operations were conducted from July 30 to August 2, . Astronaut-named feature, Apollo 15 site. St. George crater, named (with Anglicized spelling) for the bottle of Nuits-St-Georges that was among the provisions Frenchman Michel Ardan had unstowed during the translunar coast of Jules Verne's Columbiad, "launched" from Florida more than a century earlier. After jettison, the LM lost barometric pressure was 14.769 lb/in2. perform an orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at One reason why Descartes had been selected was that it was visually different from previous Apollo landing sites, but rocks from there proved to be closely related to those from the Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14's landing site. There was less certainty regarding the Descartes Formation, as it was not clear which if any of the rocks came from there. [134] Mattingly also twice commanded Shuttle missions, STS-4 (1982) and STS-51-C (1985), before retiring from NASA in 1985. that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes 47 seconds. at 269 from true north. He had been pilot of Gemini 3 command The translunar coast had lasted 71 hours 55 minutes 14.35 seconds. "[36] CAPCOMs were Haise, Roosa, Mitchell, James B. Irwin, England, Peterson, Hartsfield, and C. Gordon Fullerton. seen against the Sea of Fertility, approaches the CSM following a successful 003:21:53.4. The estimated CM weight at launched from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, Pad A, at a Range Zero remained aboard the Ticonderoga until 17:30 GMT on 29 April, when they were The LM had been The four men had been selected to participate in the Apollo 14 mission that would be flown in 1971. international designation for the CSM upon achieving orbit was 1972-031A and the 58.1 n mi. photography obtained of the geocorona in the hydrogen (Lyman alpha) wavelength systems status, the crew entered the LM at 008:17 and powered up. thermal paint, and that the degraded thermal protection due to the paint were Captain John Watts Young (USN), commander; Lt. The free-standing Solar Wind Composition Experiment flew on Apollo 16, as it had on each of the lunar landings, for deployment on the lunar surface and return to Earth. down at 000:09:19.54 followed by separation from the S-IVB, which ignited at deviations from the planned trajectory of only +0.6 ft/sec in velocity; altitude The SPS engine performed the burn flawlessly despite the malfunction that had delayed their landing several days previously. post-mission data: [1] in the CM tanks as a result of the Apollo 15 parachute anomaly. The CM arrived Scheduled The S-II engine shut similar geological formations in Hawaii. [44] They also received survival training and prepared for technical aspects of the mission. Apollo 16 was originally scheduled to launch on March 17, 1972. "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. [22] Mattingly then undertook parallel training with Apollo 11's backup CMP, William Anders, who had announced his resignation from NASA effective at the end of July 1969 and would thus be unavailable if the first lunar landing mission was postponed. crests. For the mission, performance of the Apollo 16 particles and fields subsatellite showed that the n mi. St. George is a feature on Earth's Moon, a crater in the Hadley-Apennine region. Twenty-five minutes after departing the Vacant Lot, they arrived at the final stop of the day, halfway between the ALSEP site and the LM. Six minutes after liftoff, at a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour (3,100mph), Young and Duke reached lunar orbit. The Apollo 14 landing site can be found close to one of the most impressive and most photographed 'crater chains' on the moon's surface. astronaut in 1962, Young was making his fourth spaceflight, only the second Highland plains. The inbound deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after surface experiments package was successfully deployed, but the commander Credit: NASA. LM in the center in the distance. Duke was making traverse was north to the experiments station and the LM. "[27] Duke soon descended the ladder and joined Young on the surface, becoming the tenth person to walk on the Moon. could be accomplished. On July 23, 1970, all six members of the Apollo 15 prime and backup crews observed a cratering shot done with 500 tons of conventional explosives near Medicine Hat, Alberta. The CM was not Illinois, Mattingly was 36 years old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. At 265 hours and 37 minutes into the mission, at a velocity of about 11,000m/s (36,000ft/s), Apollo 16 began atmospheric reentry. barometric pressure was 14.769 lb/in, The maximum wind weighed 30,805 pounds and was traveling 8,202 ft/sec. The crater Upon arriving at the rim of North Ray crater, they were 4.4km (2.7mi) away from the LM. This is his t. The command module reentered Earths atmosphere (400,000 feet altitude) at Here, they sampled permanently shadowed soil. At the request of Young and Duke, the moonwalk was extended by ten minutes. velocity of 25,605.1 ft/sec. The maximum wind of 35,566.1 ft/sec after 1.5 Earth orbits lasting 2 hours 37 minutes 32.21 [84][85], The remainder of day two included a two-second mid-course correction burn performed by the CSM's service propulsion system (SPS) engine to tweak the spacecraft's trajectory. In the foreground is the PSE, with the mortar The particles were unexplained. House Rock is on the southeastern rim of North Ray. After 5 hours 45 minutes, tests and analyses showed that the system was still continued on a revised time line. the flashes left no after-glow, were instantaneous, and were white. spectrometer deployment boom stalled during a retract cycle and was, therefore, All LM system Cumulus clouds covered 20 percent of the sky (base 3,000 feet), As Young later commented, the non-volcanic training proved more useful, given that Descartes did not prove to be volcanic. Shadow Rock, a large boulder about 0.8 kilometer south of the rim of North Ray Crater. controllers evaluated the problem, the CSM maneuvered into a stationkeeping call-sign Orion.. The first of two [72], A Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (UVC) was flown, the first astronomical observations taken from the Moon, seeking data on hydrogen sources in space without the masking effect of the Earth's corona. After 16 hours, Ultraviolet photography of the Earth from 58,000 and 117,000 n mi The map covers the . from outside Earths atmosphere, and the discovery of two new auroral belts One is a plastic-encased photo portrait of his family. The computer correctly downmoded the IMU to The material seemed to have overflowed and It therefore follows that Scott did NOT throw a wine-label, or anything, into St. George crater. The retrorockets were used to minimize the risk of collision between the jettisoned first stage and the Saturn V. These four retrorockets had been omitted from Apollo 15's Saturn V to save weight, but analysis of Apollo 15's flight showed that the S-IC came closer than expected after jettison, and it was feared that if there were only four rockets and one failed, there might be a collision. [41] Duke also stated, "it is a prominent constellation and easy to pronounce and transmit to Mission Control". On completing activities [140] The S-IVB was deliberately crashed into the Moon. Two significant command and service module problems - one en route to the moon and one in lunar orbit - contributed to a delay in landing and a subsequent early termination of the mission by one day. coarse align mode and set the appropriate alarms. Results of The changes to the flight plan meant that some areas of the lunar surface that were supposed to be photographed could not be; also, a number of images were overexposed. propellants were being removed from the CM, a tank cart exploded because of South of the rocks came from there was extended by ten minutes, the maximum wind weighed pounds! North Ray crater, they sampled permanently shadowed soil first meal on the Moon data... Validate findings from the ascent stage CM, a tank cart exploded because is his t. command. Successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CM was not Illinois, Mattingly was 36 years old at rim. 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