The rapid population growth and the higher proportion of the youth are the current challenges facing Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless. Want to see the full answer? They are also not motivated in the utilization of the innovated or new agricultural technologies like improved seeds and modern agricultural tools. Required fields are marked *. The result: crop yields have shot up, growth in agriculture has averaged 7% per year over the past decade and millions of farmers have been lifted out of poverty. 2016; Alemu 2017; Assefa and Hans-Rudolf 2017). But these data are the landholding sizes rather than the landlessness or override them. What is constraints of Ethiopian agriculture? Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. In Ethiopia, the farmland is highly fragmented in the central northern parts than other parts (Figure 1). Why is it important to grow vegetables in Ethiopia? This isconstrained by abiotic and biotic factors. Economical irrigation potential by river basin of Ethiopia. But around 700 million people, most of them living in rural areas are still live in extreme poverty, and more than 800 million people are chronically hungry and 2 billion people suffer micronutrient deficiencies in the whole world. fLACK OF DEFINITE AGRICULTURE LAND USE POLICY At regional level it is on the will of the farmer to grow Table 3. Many factors: (80% of the population is farmer) overused land dependence on rain (lack of alternative sources of water) shortage of technological advancements on the farming techniques. At that time, the criteria of the provision of farmland are based on the number of families and cattle. How much of Ethiopias land is under cultivation? Abstract. This does not work for all youth because it depends on the status of family farmland background. Having a high population is the resource itself in the development of the economy, but the wellbeing of having a high population is utilized for politicizing in terms of political propaganda rather than engaging the economy in Ethiopia. Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. The poor farming system such as mono-cropping contributed to soil degradation and nutrient depletion and consequently low yield (Marais et al., 2012). It accounts for about 33% of the land area (FAO , 2015). Deforestation caused the destruction of carbon sinks and reduced agricultural productivity in a vicious circle. The country misused these gifted natural resources in agricultural activities possibly mainly due to the political unrest characterized by the frequent war that weakened the economy rather than focused on development. rahulsharma789888. Agriculture is the foundation of Ethiopia's economy. But this has been used for fuel as the forest trees diminished. Agriculture and Food Security. Teshome (2014) reported that the rapidly increasing Ethiopians following the weak family planning along with non-modernized farm activities result in farmland degradation. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Pest management support services strategy for Ethiopia. Alleviation of poverty and food, insecurity requires increasing smallholder productivity through the development and distribution of new seed varieties, chemical fertilizers, mechanized farm tools, and equipment, eco-friendy pesticides; electricity and credit facilities (Byerlee & Spielman, 2007; Dorosh & Rashid, 2013; Stefan et al., 2008). Therefore, it requires taking critical actions to solve it. . Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. Furthermore, it is used for utilizing the countrys agricultural productivity growth, political commitment, and scrutinize the necessity of mechanized farms at the national level. Its rate has increased with increasing of Ethiopians, overgrazes, deforestations, utilizes of dung, and crop residues for fuel and other uses. Desertification 3. Migration may affect the policies, jobs, and lifestyles of the receiving countries that may lead to the competition of the limited resources and worst to xenophobia as observed in South Africa. . Very high population without corresponding economic development and further job creation could disrupt the life of people in terms of security and also may pose negative impacts on the utilization of natural resources. The farming systems are facing constraints such as small land size, lack of resources, and increasing degradation of soil quality that hamper sustainable crop production and food security. Based on this information by 2050, the Ethiopian temperature will be increased by 1.72.1C than the present (Befikadu et al., 2019). Ethiopias total export earnings by value increased by 12% from the previous year. The country has also ample opportunity in. Around 80.0-85.0% of Ethiopians are engaged in agriculture, mainly in subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock production. Why poverty? Nevertheless, arable land is an indispensable resource for Ethiopians to secure food and food self-sufficiency. But the government tried crowding out the private sector leadership with no mechanization options and with little attention to rural finance and credit facilities. Generally, land degradation is a great threat to future production in Ethiopia. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). It has also enjoyed a considerable attention by the government. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Ethiopia's GDP growth rate will increase by around 7.8% to 10% by 2023. There are a number of weed species that are invasive, introduced, into Ethiopia at different times are including parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)); water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (C. Aragie (2013) reported that Ethiopia has lost a cumulative level of over 13% of its current agricultural output between 1991 and 2008 followed by climate change. This forecast is based on the trends from 1950 to 2015, which indicated that the share of children below the age of five declined from 13.4% to 9.1%, while above 65years life expectant increased from 5.1 to 8.3% (FAO, 2017). Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soil's physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. What ways affect agricultural development in Ethiopia? Although it has a positive effect on the increment utilization of input demand like fertilizer and improved varieties. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. What are the major problem of agriculture in Ethiopia? The categories of such age groups are dependent on the shoulders of the producers like the underproductive children. Underutilized land and water resources, diseases, and insect pests are also additional problems of Ethiopian agriculture. Lose of such fertile productive arable farmlands created the food demand gaps in Ethiopia. Deforestation 4. Moreover, it also leads migration, humanitarian aid, and food production under more capital-intensive that concentrated in fewer hands from input accessing to the provisioning of food distribution (FAO, 2017). Degree of the world`s land degradation (source: WWF (World wide fund), 2016), Figure 3. Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. A crossectional study was conducted to identify the major health problems of dairy cattle and associated risk factors in and around Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia. Land constraints and agricultural intensification in Ethiopia: A village-level analysis of high-potential areas. Over the centuries, deforestation, overgrazing, and practices such as cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture have eroded the soil, a situation that worsened considerably during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in Eritrea, Tigray, and parts of Gondar and Wollo. The study area was purposively selected, and a simple random sampling method was used to selected households' fatteners from each kebele and interviewed using structured questionnaires. The countries of the world are interconnected and a problem of a country obviously becomes a problem of the others in the interconnected world at present than ever. Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agriculture. One of the keys will be changing the way agriculture is financed and incentivized. Encouraging the participation of investors in the agricultural sector would improve their income and opportunities of society in rural areas and reduce the root causes of migration and poverty in the future. The sector accounts for about 10% of Ethiopias export income, with leather and leather products making up 7.5% and live animals 3.1%. Protection and enhancement of the available natural resources in a transformative process toward the holistic approaches including agroecology, agro-forestry, and climate-smart agriculture by organizing both indigenous and scientific knowledge to increase production and productivity. The farmers continued to utilize their ancient system of production despite changing ecological and population pressures. These are the combined constraints that reduce the soil mass, productivity, health, soil quality, and fertility (Woreka, 2004). What are the major problems of soil in Ethiopia? Preface PART I: THE SETTING One-Introduction Two-Socio-Economic Characteristics PART II AGRICULTURE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION Three-Growth in Agricultural Output and Area Four-Land Tenure System Five- Agricultural Credit Six-Marketing Organisations Seven-Community Development Programme PART III :AGRICULTURE SINE THE REVOLUTION Eight-Agrarian Reform Implimentation of land Reform Appendix I Appendix . For instance, the wholesale price unit of maize grain in the capital city of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) alone increased from 1,469 to 5,013 from 2005 to 2012 in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) per ton (FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations), 2015) and the price is tripled in the last five years. It does not store any personal data. The major producers of horticultural crops are small scale farmers, production being mainly rain fed and few under irrigation. The uses of improved drought-tolerant crop varieties are also helpful in saving water. THE MAJOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS The highland mixed farming system The dominant farming system in Ethiopia is peasant farming where intensive multiple crop production is integrated with livestock production. The significant cost of power or electricity that is shouldering by our farmers are a big problem.. It enhanced the integration of researchers affiliated on the crop improvements, conservation agriculture, agroecology, agroforestry, and the development of crop varieties that are more tolerant to pests, diseases, drought, waterlogging, and salinity (FAO, 2013). 2 The main contributions, potentials, characteristics and problems of Ethiopian agriculture. Current challenges facing the global food system. In Ethiopia, more than 40% of the population is below the age of 15 (CIA (Central intelligence agency) World Factbook, 2019; https://www.indexmundi.com). IUCN (international union for conservation of nature). The political unrest was expressed in frequent protests that resulted in the loss of the existing resources of both private and public such as mechanized farm equipment, shelters, floriculture, personal house, shops, materials, other farm equipment, and tools of the researchers institute and campaigns are a real crisis of visions that could bring a total failure of understanding, and unwilling to work devotional following this unrest and harassment especially discouraging private investors in the agricultural sector (FAO, 2019; ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), 2017; ATA, 2014; ATA, 2013). What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? The rural population density affects agricultural intensification and productivity. Their livelihood is mainly based on tilling and herding of mammals and birds with little transformation for a long period of time in history because of religion and cultural preference (Diriba, 2020). It also reduced the plot size of farmland (Crewett et al., 2008). 2 The main contributions, potentials, characteristics and problems of Ethiopian agriculture. The future of Ethiopian agriculture is bright because of the fact that the country is gifted with a variable climate ranging from tropics (growing tropical crops like citrus fruits) to subtropics (growing crops like apples). At the same time, the net farm income per hectare is not responsive to the rising of constraints. Sharecropping contracts could minimize the land demand of over 95% temporarily, but could not secure the familys food demand since it limited through time. In short, unemployment, waterlogging in wetland areas, salinity in arid and semi-arid areas, acidity in high rainfall areas, pests (like weeds, diseases, and insects), and erratic rainfall distribution are the common problems. Ethiopia is among those developing countries that are making their best to improve the agricultural sector in the last few decades though much still remains. Furthermore, mitigating the variability of climate change helps the most vulnerable group of the society to stabilize farmers income during drought and poor output (Shekuru et al., 2020). Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Shortage of finance is one of the major problems facing small farmers. Table 4. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88% of the country`s GDP. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Globally, countries are interdependent on the path of sustainable development but challenged by achieving coherent, effective national and international governance with clear developmental objectives and commitments to achieve (UNDESA, 2008). Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. recent trends - sources of growth: csa data growth in the application of modern inputs was slower : on average 44 percent of cultivated area was fertilized and this share grew at average annual rate of 1 percent, rate of chemical fertilizer application averaged 33 kg/ha and grew annually at a rate of 6.8 percent, application of improved seed The rapidly growing population is a source of labor to exploit the existing resources for agricultural-sector investors. However, in contrast to this finding, Aragie (2013) reported that in the past four decades the annual temperature increased by 0.37C per decade. Ethiopia is a country of peasants with primitive agriculture. It began with the domestication of crops and animals. Risk and resilience in a new era. Monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall trend analyses from 1979 to 2013years, Table 6. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It is reported that over the last 4050years, the mean annual temperature of Ethiopia increased from 0.2C to 0.28C per decade (McSweeney et al., 2010). Key constraints to agricultural productivity in Ethiopia include low availability of improved or hybrid seed, lack of seed multiplication capacity, low profitability and efficiency of fertilizer use due to the lack of complimentary improved practices and seed, and lack of irrigation and water constraints. Environmental issues such as water pollution (as a result of agricultural and industrial runoffs, etc. Therefore, there is a need for increased attention to adapt and mitigate mechanisms. Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. Destruction of carbon sinks and reduced agricultural productivity in a vicious circle & # x27 s. 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