The interior plateau and mountain region, encompassing roughly the eastern half of the country, is composed mainly of granite with a thick laterite (iron-bearing) crust; to the west, it is bounded by a narrow outcrop of mineral-bearing metamorphic rocks known as the Kambui Schists. [123], The president of Sierra Leone is the Commander in Chief of the military, with the Minister of Defence responsible for defence policy and the formulation of the armed forces. Covering a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi),[12] Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with diverse environments ranging from savanna to rainforests. Cultural events and festivals are also organized in the city on a regular basis. [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. Having had no formal emergency medical services previously, the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) was formed in June 2019 in Makeni to facilitate the development of emergency first responder programs nationwide. Next to the president is the vice-president, who is the second highest-ranking government official in the executive branch of the Sierra Leone Government. The figure for Freetown is for the Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). 28,813 (2015). In addition to being Sierra Leones capital and largest city, Freetown is a major port city and utilizes one of the worlds largest natural deep water harbors. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. [161], In 2019 Sierra Leone had a population of 7,813,215[164] and a growth rate of 2.216% a year. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). [227] As of 2014[update], Sierra Leone was estimated as having the 11th highest infant mortality rate in the world. The largest district geographically, Koinadugu, has a much lower density of 21.4 persons per square km. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. Upon Milton Margai's unexpected death in 1964, his younger half-brother, Sir Albert Margai, was appointed as Prime Minister by parliament. During the 19th century, freed African Americans, some Americo Liberian "refugees", and particularly Afro-Caribbeans, mainly Jamaican Maroons, also immigrated and settled in Freetown. Ajisafe was apparently angry after a Zimbabwean Muslim cleric Mufti Menk had visited Sierra Leone and preached to large crowds. The district has both highlands and lowlands. The ratio of men and women in Bo District, Sierra Leone. [156] Part of the reason for this was due to the import duties and taxes and the lack of quality control. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. Several religious funded TV stations operate intermittently. [30], Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest and swampy environment were considered impenetrable; it was also host to the tsetse fly, which carried a disease fatal to horses and the zebu cattle used by the Mande-speaking people. However, the main suspect, Major S.I.M. The three districts of the North West Province are: Sierra Leones Western Area is the only region in the country to not have an international border. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. Bo was then the capital of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone until the country gained independence in 1961. Bo is located in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and the whole urban center is commonly known as Bo Town. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. Bunce Island became a prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America. The Lungi International Airport located in the coastal town of Lungi in Northern Sierra Leone is the primary airport for domestic and international travel to or from Sierra Leone. The leader of the main opposition All People's Congress (APC), Siaka Stevens, along with Isaac Wallace-Johnson, another outspoken critic of the SLPP government, were arrested and placed under house arrest in Freetown, along with sixteen others charged with disrupting the independence celebration.[76]. The Limba are about 60% Christian and 40% Muslims. It also borders Liberia and each of Sierra Leones five administrative regions. In the 1860s, the country became a journalist hub for Africa, with professionals travelling to the country from across the continent. The official documentation known as the Book of Negroes lists thousands of freed slaves whom the British evacuated from the nascent United States and resettled in colonies elsewhere in British North America (north to Canada, or south to the West Indies). In mid-1974, Guinean soldiers, as requested by Stevens, were stationed in the country to help maintain his hold on power, as Stevens was a close ally of then-Guinean president Ahmed Skou Tour. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. In total, there are 20 cities in Sierra Leone. The Military of Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), are the unified armed forces of Sierra Leone responsible for the territorial security of Sierra Leone's border and defending the national interests of Sierra Leone within the framework of its international obligations. [226] For every 100 liveborn children, one mother dies due to complications of giving birth. Lieutenant Sandy was given a state funeral and his funeral prayers service at the cathedral church in Freetown was attended by many high-ranking soldiers of the NPRC junta, including Strasser himself and NPRC deputy leader Sergeant Solomon Musa. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. The fund was created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade. [87] This move led to another major demonstration against the government in many parts of the country, but it was also put down by the army and Stevens' SSD force. The Vai are largely Muslim majority at about 90%, while the Kru are virtually all Christians at over 99%. Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. The country is home to the Sierra Leone Inter-Religious Council, which is made up of both Christian and Muslim religious leaders to promote peace and tolerance throughout the country. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "tens of thousands" of Sierra Leoneans in the Protectorate.[67]. [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. The president is the highest and most influential position within the government of Sierra Leone. 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