The MATS, current as at 15 March 2007, indicated that FIS was to be provided to all aircraft that were being provided with an ATC service, or were otherwise known to the relevant ATC unit. This speaks volumes about their integrity and character. This occurrence has highlighted the effect of various factors coming together to create and influence a rare event. BoM weather radar, satellite and synoptic charts. The provision of flight information service by New Zealand ATC and the precedence afforded the provision of ATC services over FIS are consistent with the service provided by Airservices. 2 tank 18 kg remaining, with an imbalance of 576 kg. Mildura Forecast View the current warnings for Victoria Forecast issued at 4:30 pm EDT on Saturday 14 January 2023. The declaration of an emergency, including due to insufficient fuel, enables ATC to understand the nature and extent of the situation. However, it can be difficult to differentiate between fog and low cloud when using satellite imagery. They are very very accurate but taking a different time and or time curve shape to warm up and cool down means that for a rapid change in temperature they will accurately record a different value. These levels depend on the: A system component failure in a fail passive system will not result in significant deviation of the aircrafts flight path but will mean that the aircraft can no longer be landed automatically. At 0922, Qantas 735 transferred to the same frequency and was also advised of the arriving traffic. However, it is often not practical to provide for a further alternate once a diversion has been initiated. The meteorological conditions at Adelaide Airport deteriorated below the landing minima while Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 were en route to Adelaide. Velocity 1384 departed Brisbane, Queensland at 0638 Eastern Standard Time[1] and had six crew and 85 passengers on board. However, fog had been forecast for both Edinburgh and Parafield airports. Another Virgin aircraft then asked ATC to clarify if that report was for Melbourne, to which ATC responded negative, Adelaide. The flight watch dispatcher was responsible for maintaining flight watch services, either by actively monitoring, or passively following various assigned flights (see the section titled Flight dispatch and following). This comprised flight fuel to Adelaide of 5,000 kg, variable and fixed fuel reserves of 1,600 kg and additional fuel of 1,300 kg. Various supervisors in Melbourne Centre advised that they were aware that the weather in Adelaide was deteriorating. Information was sought from Virgin on their level of assurance that flight crew were complying with the above requirements. If you have any questions about this product, or you want any other weather or climate information, please contact us. Mildura Airport had a number of non-precision instrument approaches available for landing and, in terms of its facilities, was a suitable alternate for the Boeing 737-800. - Occurs when the centre tank quantity is greater than 726 kg (1,600 lbs), both centre tank pumps are producing low or no pressure and either engine is running. The only exception to this is SIGMET information, which shall cover a portion of the route up to two hours flying time ahead of the aircraft. VOLMET provides meteorological information for Australian major international airports and Townsville via high frequency (HF) radio transmission. The FO held an Air Transport Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence with a Boeing 737-300 to -900 endorsement and a current Class 1 Aviation Medical Certificate with no restrictions. An automated pre-recorded transmission indicating the prevailing weather conditions at the aerodrome and other relevant operational information for arriving and departing aircraft. The Manual of Air Traffic Services (MATS) for ATC stated that controllers should pass airborne report (AIREP) information to affected aircraft and the BoM. Based on the report from the Adelaide tower controller that conditions were not suitable for landing, and that there had been no successful landing attempts, the crew of Velocity1384elected to divert to Mildura, Victoria at 0904. During the period prior to the occurrence involving VHYIR and VHVYK there were several amendments to the MATS regarding the provision of FIS, including three amendments as discussed below. They then continued to collect weather updates for various ports, including Mildura, Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney and Adelaide. However, as the AWIS broadcast doesn't contain the label 'SPECI', pilots are required to recognise and interpret its operational significance. If the ETA is outside the validity of the TTF, then the weather requirements shall be determined from the current TAF. Unit Settings . A routine weather report (METAR) is issued at fixed times, hourly or half hourly. Cloud cover is normally reported using expressions that denote the extent of the cover. The forecasters then decided to amend the Adelaide TAF at 0700 to include a 30 per cent probability of fog. Mildura 14 Day Extended Forecast. Both aircraft had the necessary equipment to conduct at least a CAT II (fail passive) autoland at Adelaide and both flight crews were trained and approved in Cat II/III autoland procedures. Ltd. and Qantas Airways Ltd. It allows for completion of the ILS and autoland following failure of any single system component after a specified alert height as determined by a number of safety parameters. Note: A Suitable Airport may be, in order of priority: an Alternate Airport, following an approach and missed approach at destination, if the destination requires an alternate; or. Aviation Verification System (AVS) 2 (due to be completed in 2017). IDCJDW3051.202211Prepared at 16:01 UTC on Monday 16 January 2023. As such, both aircraft were committed to land in conditions below the landing minima at Mildura Airport. Given the proximity of Leinster to Darlot, the captain also carried sufficient fuel to reach Wiluna in the event that Leinster became unsuitable. OVERLAY Radar - Rain - Beta. The crew of Qantas 735 asked ATC if the forecast improvement was likely to occur as expected. This decision was passed to the crew of Qantas 735. The in-flight weather report given by the air ambulance pilot was not passed to the flight crews of Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 by the controller when they changed frequency inbound to Mildura Airport, removing an important source of information for flight crew planning and decision making. The METAR observation reports issued for Mildura at 0830 and 0900 showed light winds, visibility in excess of 10 km and the cloud lifting from broken at 3,400 to broken at 3,900 ft. This was in response to the 0800 TTF that showed fog with a predicted improvement from 0900. the potential consequences of an unforecast fog are high. An advanced hardware and software system that is used by Airservices Australia to help manage domestic and international flights in Australian airspace. In addition, some of these unforecast deteriorations were observed during approach, meaning the deterioration was only just prior to the arrival of the aircraft. - Occurs when fuel quantity is less than 907 kg (2,000 lbs) in the related main wing tank. Welcome to Kar-Rama Motor Inn, a nice option for travellers like you. The ATSBs ongoing investigation will examine the: The information contained in this preliminary report is derived from the initial investigation of the occurrence. continuously monitors the ABS, which would be impractical and distracting. From this time, the imbalance began to increase again. The SCARD assessed changes to FIS, including that SPECIs that can be obtained from an ABS do not need to be directed or broadcast to aircraft by ATS. This SPECI indicated broken[9] cloud at 200 ft and that the visibility was now 2,100 m in mist. accesses the ABS at a time when the SPECI information is available. Readers are cautioned that there is the possibility that new evidence may become available that alters the circumstances as depicted in the report. However, they further stated that a pilot is able to use both a valid forecast and observation information. To me it appears that the bureau is either incompetent or deliberately misleading. In this instance, the controller did not pass the AIREP to incoming aircraft nor to their supervisor, who could have informed BoM of the deterioration. However, as the Mildura AWIS was not broadcasting the actual weather conditions, which were consistent with the SPECI, it could be considered that ATC should have provided this SPECI information to incoming aircraft as ATC-initiated FIS. The arrival time of Velocity 1384 was planned for 0920, which was after the forecast clearance of the fog. Slight chance of a shower. Real life experience as shown in the graphs in the article tell us that the readings are not comparable at all. On being informed by ATC that the latest trend forecast for Adelaide predicted a delay in the fog clearing of 30 minutes, and after gathering observation reports for Mildura, the crew of Qantas735also elected to divert there at 0913. Due to poor weather in Adelaide, both aircraft were forced to divert to an alternate airport (Mildura, Victoria). The AIP outlines the elements of ATC-initiated FIS. As a result, the crews were compelled to land at Mildura in conditions below the minima permitted for landing, with Velocity 1384 also landing below their required fuel reserves. The MATS also indicated that responsibility for issuing a hazard alert rested with the responsible ATS unit. Dr. Marohasy, The BoM reported that their review of the forecasting used for Mildura on the day of the occurrence showed that the conditions (including wind direction) were not conducive to fog developing at that time of day and were more consistent with the possibility of low cloud. The captain held an Air Transport Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence with a Boeing 737-300 to 800endorsement and a current Class 1 Aviation Medical Certificate with various conditions. In this instance, if the aircraft could carry sufficient fuel to hold until 30 minutes beyond any specified time of improvement in the weather conditions at the destination, an alternate was not required. Specifically, ERSA section 4 Hazard alerts (GEN-FIS-2) and Jeppesen Meteorology reports and advisories section 4.4, Hazard alerts defined hazard alerts without specifying that they were limited to a sudden change to a component of FIS not described in a current MET product or NOTAM. https://notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com/2018/02/17/ghcn-are-even-inflating-current-temperatures-in-new-york/, Doug said: Wouldnt it be possible to simply put an electronic probe and a classic thermometer into a Stevenson enclosure or a temperature controlled environment for comparison?. This includes available information regarding nominated alternate aerodromes and unattended aerodromes enroute at which a landing is planned. VIC Weather & Warnings; Warnings Summary; Forecasts; Melbourne Forecast; . It defined a hazard alert as information assessed by ATC to be of an unexpected and critical nature. The bureau needs a big shake-up from the top down. As the aircraft approached Adelaide, fog reduced the visibility at the airport to below the minimum required for landing. Although no safety issue was identified by the ATSB, the Bureau of Meteorology advised of the following safety action in response to this occurrence: Although the TTF and TAF are forecasts for the same aerodrome, they convey different information concerning the probability and timing of meteorological phenomena. Indeed, while it would seem reasonable to assume that there would be dozens of reports detailing the results from such parallel studies none have been made publicly available. Area Average Intensity . Therefore, pilots are required to understand and recognise the reporting mechanism and interpret its operational significance for AWIS reports. Given the TAF only had a 30 per cent probability of fog, and as the aircraft was in the sterile cockpit phase of flight, flight watch did not pass the TAF to the crew at this point. Mildura Latest Weather Observations around Mildura Latest Weather Observations around Mildura (beta) Map View MetEye View the current warnings for Victoria Change location Start typing (town, city, postcode or lat/lon), then select from list below. Knowing the value of the record as the basis for multi-trillion-dollar future policy decisions, how much is too expensive to leave a Stevenson box alone except to install a small remote camera to take the readings? The flight crew of Qantas 735 asked ATC if this improvement appeared likely as forecast and, as a result, the en route controller contacted Adelaide Tower to ascertain the current conditions. Taking into account the forecast fog and these holding requirements at Melbourne, neither Velocity1384nor Qantas 735 had sufficient fuel to proceed to Melbourne from Adelaide. At altitudes above 10,000 ft in Australia, an aircrafts height above mean sea level is referred to as a flight level (FL). The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) is the designated meteorological authority in Australia for the provision of a meteorological service for international air navigation in accordance with International Aviation Civil Organization (ICAO) Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation. This period was chosen to reflect the system after the changes to the provision of FIS in Australia were introduced in 2009. Despite not being passed the updated weather information from their flight operations centre, the crew of Velocity 1384 had two opportunities to become aware of the deterioration in Adelaide prior to being notified at 0844 by the Tailem Bend controller. Occasionally the destination weather deteriorates, necessitating a diversion. Where is the data and analysis for these sites? On board were six crew members and 85 passengers. For many nonmajor airports in Australia, flight crews of arriving aircraft can access current weather information using an Automatic Weather Information Service via very high frequency radio, which has range limitations. The flight crew of Qantas 735 queried the fog at Adelaide Airport with the en route controller in the sector prior to Tailem Bend, at around 0816. provision of information to flight crews from Air traffic services (ATS), ATS policies and procedures affecting the flights, provision by the operators of information to the respective flight crews, the basis for the sequencing of the aircraft landings at Mildura, Bureau of Meteorology meteorological services and products as they applied to these flights. While the crew was manoeuvring the aircraft for an approach to runway 34L at Sydney, the fog moved across the threshold of that runway reducing visibility to below the landing minima. The actions of the flight crew of the second Virgin aircraft to query ATC about the weather update for Adelaide were consistent with this advice. a PNR [Point of No Return]), if necessary. The section of this version on the provision of FIS to pilots in flight indicated that the controller was to provide FIS to all aircraft that were being provided with an ATC service. On board were 6 crew and 146 passengers. At 0027 WST on 1 June 2012, the flight crew of a Boeing 717 aircraft, registered VH-NXO, were conducting an instrument approach to land on runway 03 at Perth Airport after a flight from Paraburdoo, Western Australia. The aisle supervisors were appropriately endorsed and current for their role, which included oversight of the en route sector controllers. [8] As the AWIS for Mildura was not broadcasting due to an unserviceability, the inbound aircraft could not obtain this information from the AWIS (see the section titled Aerodrome weather information service). As such, the TAF that was valid at the time reflected a temporary period of low cloud that was expected to last between 30 and 60 minutes (TEMPO), rather than fog. Qantas 735 departed Sydney, New South Wales at 0727 and had six crew and 146 passengers on board. Automatic weather stations (AWS) provide data to the BoM that is used to generate observation reports and forecasts at various locations throughout Australia. When the TTF for Adelaide was issued at 0800 and showed fog, flight watch again reviewed the situation for applicability to Velocity 1384. VOLMET broadcasts provide meteorological information for Australian major international airports and contain METAR/SPECI or trend forecast (TTF) information and the availability of SIGMETs[26]. . Likewise, when the 0800 TTF was issued showing fog, both aircraft were still outside this 60minute arrival time. Aviation is a complex, highreliability industry. This includes the importance of controller/pilot communication to enhance situation awareness, particularly in regard to nonroutine situations such as deteriorating weather or aircraft low fuel state. effect such a failure would have on the aircrafts ability to continue with an autoland approach. The flight crews of Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 planned for, and uploaded, sufficient fuel for the forecast conditions at Adelaide Airport in accordance with the respective operator's fuel policies. As the aircraft neared Adelaide, the BoM issued another TTF at 0900. Western Standard Time (WST) was UTC + 8 hours. While this is theoretically possible, to know if it is being achieved in practice it is necessary to analyse parallel measurements i.e. Use the prefix only until an updated MET product or NOTAM is available for dissemination as per 5.1.1.9. Completing the fuel imbalance checklist with low fuel on board would have resulted in the closure of the crossfeed valve (see appendix B). This includes weather and operational information for the destination, which should be considered prior to a decision point or point of no return. It is also possible that the transient came from electrical noise and not temperature at all. MILDURA AIRPORT . The BoM reported that fog was not included in the 0700 TTF as the surface winds did not support the formation of fog. Three minutes later, the FO was heard on the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) as being happy to leave those pumps off. The crews estimated arrival time at Mildura was 0932. These conditions were reported back to Qantas 735 as including a visibility of 700 m in fog. The captain had a day off on 16June2013. Bureau Home > Radar Images > 128 km Mildura 5 min Rainfalls. It also noted that: To ensure that accurate information is obtained in adequate time, pilots must take into consideration that ATC initiated FIS is limited to aircraft within one hours flight time of the condition or destination at time of receipt of the information by ATC. For the 201516 financial year [FY] the BoM will install weather cameras at 1520 locations at major capital city aerodromes, including Adelaide airport, and key regional aerodromes. By Julie Mercer. As their planned arrival time was 0917, the crew elected to continue to Adelaide. After issuing the 0952 amended TAF, the BoM received a call about the weather at Mildura from the BoM meteorologist located at the Airservices national operations centre. The river height will reach 38.3 metres at the Mildura Weir 113 millimetres higher than the . In relation to the provision of ATC-initiated FIS at Mildura, the controller responsible for the Mallee en route sector reported that workload initially precluded them from passing information on the weather deterioration at Mildura Airport. Presentation at Australasian Bayesian Network Modelling Society Meeting 2627November 2009. Particular emphasis was placed on prioritising and disseminating information, including the need to document these actions to ensure an accurate record and a common understanding between controllers and supervisors. When the change is anticipated to be prolonged, the Hazard Alert prefix continues to be used in broadcasts repeated at H+15 and H+45 in the hour following the initial transmission. A number of these challenges have been identified by the Centre of Australian Weather and Climate Research and include that: At interview, the BoM similarly stated that as fog is a very rare event for most airports, it is difficult to accurately forecast. The aerodrome forecast for Mildura, valid at that time, contained a temporary deterioration with cloud at 600 ft AGL. It also indicated that the provision of ATC-initiated FIS would be generally limited to aircraft within 60minutes flight time of the condition or destination at the time of the receipt of the information by ATC. These included a low bank of cloud coming across the field, with a base of 400 ft. Section 1.1.2 of the Transport Canada manual was titled Flight Advisory and Information Services and outlined the elements of the in-flight information service. Maps and tables of average conditions for locations across Australia are also available. This makes statistical analysis using standard techniques impossible as assumptions implicit, for example in a standard paired T-test, are violated. ATC radar limitations and frequency congestion may also be factors in limiting the controllers capability to provide additional service. Flight watch personnel at Virgin reported reviewing this TAF for applicability to Velocity 1384. 2 main wing tank and 1,054 kg in the No. From the evidence available, the following findings are made with respect to the landing below minima due to fog involving two Boeing 737s, registered VH-YIR and VH-VYK, which occurred at Mildura Airport, Victoria on 18 June 2013. At 0946 the crew of Qantas735broadcast that they had landed at Mildura. The FO replied that they did not have the fuel to proceed anywhere else. Unless otherwise indicated, all times in this report are quoted in EST. Given the nature of the emergency, this allowed the crew to land despite the low visibility conditions. An AWIS is a transmission of actual weather conditions, as measured by automatic weather stations (AWS),[25] via either telephone or radio broadcast from selected sites. This airport was also affected by unforecast poor weather at the time of their arrival. Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) Australia GEN 3.3, Section 2 FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE contained information about the provision of a flight information service (FIS). In addition, the assessment of the TTF was completed amongst the flight following personnels other priorities and workload. This is just the most obvious of many electrical noise possibilities. The captain of Velocity 1384 similarly reported that they considered the option of an autoland at Adelaide. visibility is the average distance that distinguishing obstacles can be seen around the aerodrome. An improvement in visibility was recorded from 1042, when the visibility increased above 3,000 m. The 1-minute AWS cloud data for Mildura Airport showed that the lowest layer of cloud was below 200ft at 0837, with increased cloud detected below 200 ft at 0918. Despite this, it was still providing data to the BoM that was generated by the Mildura Automatic Weather Station. On the basis of the weather forecasts at the time the aircraft departed Brisbane, there was no requirement to provide for an alternate airport to Adelaide. The first officer (FO) held a held an Air Transport Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence with a Boeing 737-300 to -900 endorsement and a current Class 1 Aviation Medical Certificate with no restrictions. [19] At that time, they were about 150 NM (278 km) south-west of Brisbane. The ARO was calling to query why aircraft were diverting to Mildura given the conditions. These occurrences were investigated by the ATSB website and are detailed below. (c) changes in the serviceability of navigation aids; (d) changes in the condition of aerodromes and associated facilities, including information on the state of the aerodrome movement areas when they are affected by snow, ice, or water; (f) pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruptions, and volcanic ash clouds; (g) release into the atmosphere of radioactive materials or toxic chemicals; (h) traffic to aircraft likely to be affected; and. When the amended TAF for Adelaide Airport was issued at 0700, neither Velocity 1384 nor Qantas 735 were within 60 minutes of Adelaide. The observation reports issued by BoM at that time indicated that the conditions at Mildura were above the alternate minima for the aircraft, despite the TAF for Mildura indicating a temporary deterioration during the forecast period. While the 0700 amended TAF and 0800 TTF were not required to be sent to the crew under Virgins flight following procedures, not passing the weather removed an important source of information regarding the deteriorating conditions at Adelaide. A safety issue is an event or condition that increases safety risk and (a) can reasonably be regarded as having the potential to adversely affect the safety of future operations, and (b) is a characteristic of an organisation or a system, rather than a characteristic of a specific individual, or characteristic of an operating environment at a specific point in time. MATS version23 was current at the time of occurrence involving VH-YIR and VH-VYK. However at the time of the occurrence, only Qantas had the appropriate approval from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) to conduct autoland operations in B737 aircraft. Peters funding website is no longer accepting donations. The airport runway has the capability to handle aircraft such as the . However, there was also scope for the provision of air traffic control (ATC)-initiated FIS. AIP GEN 3.5 paragraph 4.1 defined aerodrome weather reports as: reports of observations of meteorological conditions at an aerodrome. The team leader dispatch oversaw the flight planning and flight watch functions of the operations centre. The chance of a thunderstorm in the afternoon and evening. The alternate minima for runway 27 at Mildura for large jet aircraft were 1,233 ft and 6 km if the forecast QNH was used. Ltd. as Velocity 1384 and VH-VYK operated by Qantas Airways Ltd. as Qantas 735, were on scheduled passenger flights to Adelaide, South Australia. Overall, given the intent of the supporting systems, the individual actions were predominately reasonable for the information the individuals had at the time. It cautioned that pilots must consider that time period when complying with the requirement to obtain information on which to base their operational decisions. 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Help manage domestic and international flights in Australian airspace GEN 3.5 paragraph 4.1 defined aerodrome weather reports as reports...
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