Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. 3. Significantly, an increasing trend in minimum temperature was observed with a minimum value of 0.005 C/year in GIN station to a maximum value of 0.12 C/year in DBS station. The study area encompasses six . 2005). For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. However, it hasno significant coverage compared to other seasons. Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. Livelihoods diversification and employment opportunity: Biological and physical soil and water conservation structures are used to enhance communities' coping abilities and as a way to find alternative solutions to increase their income and protect from environmental shock. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). Previous Topic. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. Search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and Climate Change (2019) 10 (4): 799817. In Ethiopia, traveling from one area to another can mean shifting from 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) in a matter of hours. During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement. contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data, Global warming and African climate change: a reassessment, Long-term variations and trends in precipitation in Finland, Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation, The value of large-scale climate variables in climate change assessment: the case of Botswana's rainfall, Precipitation climatology over India: validation with observations and reanalysis datasets and spatial trends, Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems, Downscaled climate change projections with uncertainty assessment over India using a high resolution multi-model approach, Precipitation variability in Northeast China from 1961 to 2008, Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of farmers perception and practices, The UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate information for studies of climate change in developing countries, Trends in daily observed temperature and precipitation extremes over three Ethiopian eco-environments, http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET2009000029, Analyses of land use and land cover change dynamics using GIS and remote sensing during 1984 and 2015 in the Beressa Watershed Northern Central Highland of Ethiopia, Contrasting climate variability and meteorological drought with perceived drought and climate change in northern Ethiopia, Using the seasonal and temporal precipitation concentration index for characterizing the monthly rainfall distribution in Spain, Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and temperature trend of India, Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda, Monthly precipitation distribution: a comparative index, Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data, Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the 33 urban centers of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India, Trend analysis of climatic variables in an arid and semi-arid region of the Ajmer District, Rajasthan, India, Climate variability and educational attainment: evidence from rural Ethiopia, An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai, Assessment of statistical characteristics of point rainfall in the Onkaparinga catchment in South Australia, Assessment of trends in point rainfall using Continuous Wavelet Transforms, Rainfall variability in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and its links with the Southern Oscillation Index, Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia, Building climate resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: a framework for action, Changes in rainfall and relative humidity in river basins in northwest and central India, An investigation into observational characteristics of rainfall and temperature in Central Northeast India a historical perspective 18892008, Long-term historic changes in climatic variables of Betwa Basin, India, Modeling runoffsediment response to land use/land cover changes using integrated GIS and SWAT model in the Beressa watershed, Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia, Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation trends under climate change in the upper reach of Mekong River basin, Long-term trend analysis for major climate variables in the Yellow River basin, Spatial analysis of monthly and annual precipitation trends in Turkey, Power of the MannKendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series, Canadian streamflow trend detection: impacts of serial and cross-correlation, Analysis of precipitation characteristics during 19572012 in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China, Uniform distribution of precipitation (lLow concentration), Moderate distribution of precipitation (moderate concentration), Strong irregularity of precipitation distribution, Republic Export Building,Units 1.04 & 1.05. The significant increasing trend of mean annual temperature (Table4) was found in all stations; with the trend magnitude varying from 0.03 to 0.14 C/year respectively. 2011). 2016). As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively. 2015; Pingale et al. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. 2015). Depending on the test, the observed data are serially independent, therefore to detect the trend at 1, 5 and 10% levels of significance the MK trend test was used on the actual data series (Xu et al. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. 2015; Wagesho & Yohannes 2016). Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporalvariabilities.Rainfall in Ethiopia is the result is influenced by the position of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ). Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. In the study area, June is the sowing period for barley and wheat crops. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. When the tropical depression is observed in the SWIO, the daily rainfall is significantly decreased. The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. Do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? Discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. Elsewhere, in other parts of Ethiopia, similar conclusions are reached by Merasha (1999) and Seleshi & Zanke (2004) that the bega and belg rainfall seasons are more highly variable than the main rainy season (kiremit season). The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts in climate extremes. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. Over the last three and a half decades, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm. Principal Findings We found 12 studies that analysed the trend of climatic data and are relevant for the study of VBDs, 38 studies that dealt with the spatial and temporal distribution of disease vectors and disease transmission. Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. Water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface Water, 4.4. Fine-scale hydrological simulations driven by the global model results should reproduce these trends. The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. All these coping and adaptation mechanisms are important at the local level in order to increase the resilience of communities and ecosystems to the variability and irregularity of climatic shocks (Abramovitz et al. Figure 1. The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW stations respectively. Trends are biased positive in the interior western US, so that strong RH decreases are changed to weak decreases, and weak decreases are changed to increases. (2012) found that due to global climate change the eastern part of Africa, including Ethiopia, was drying out. The wetness of this region is particularly due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial Westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons. Additionally, studies of rainfall and temperature variations in larger areas would in general be of little use for local level agricultural production (Gebre et al. Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. Daily maximumtemperature varies from a high of more than 37oC over the lowlands in northeast and southeast toa low of about 10oC-15oC over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. The magnitude of increasing trend during the belg season was found to be 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% in DB station and a significantly decreasing trend was found to be 0.12 mm/year and 10.00 in GIN station. Climatic variability in the past has been increasing and from the trends suggested in different studies, may further increase in the near future, putting urgent emphasis on how the community perceives the extent of climate change in order to design coping and adaptation strategies (Belay et al. In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. The magnitude of the decreasing trend was found to be 0.06 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station, 0.05 mm/year and 8.80% at SD station, 0.11 mm/year and 12.70% at HG station, 0.13 mm/year and 29.00% change at SH station, 0.19 mm/year and 53.00% at DB station, 0.19 mm/year and 35.00% and 0.20 mm/year and 56.40% change at DBS station. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. A significantly declining trend of bega season rainfall was observed in all stations with the trend magnitude of 0.61 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station to 0.21 mm/year and 56.40% in DBS station. Spatiotemporal distribution and the characteristics of the air temperature of a river source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess. The aim of this study was to evaluate climate variability and characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological droughts using a merged satellite-gauge rainfall across the major agroecological zones (AEZs) of the rift valley lakes basin. Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. 5.3.1. In this study, to manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers. The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.064. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. Future trends are assessed using the ensemble mean of eight regional climate model data under two emission scenarios, provided by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. During this time, thecentral highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. According to Al-Bakri et al. The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, while simulated historical and future climate data were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) datasets under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5. We used 12-member ensembles of General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) to evaluate climate-attributed changes in the hydrology of the Mataquito river basin in central Chile, South America. According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. The present results are in agreement with Parry (2007), who stated that due to a prolonged increase in the emission of gases through human activities and expansion of industry, the surface temperature has increased by about 1 C. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of frequent tropical depression over the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) overlapped with the recurrent drought of Ethiopia (1972 and 1984). Spatiotemporal Patterns and Distribution of Temperature and Rainfall in Ethiopia, 5.5. Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. Our study provides a novel overview of expected climate trends in Zambia, which can act as guidelines for strategic planning of flood and drought prevention. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures are for the same points and girds, but cover the period 1981-2011. Therefore, given the prolonged climatic variability of the Beressa watershed, the following coping and adaptation mechanisms are suggested. What causes climate change? Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. From Figure3, it is confirmed that the maximum temperature has continuously increased by about 1.10 C, whereas the minimum temperature has increased by about 0.70 C. On the other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. 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And decision support systems in agro-hydrology for other works by this author on: Journal of and. 26.91 C discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia 1981 to 2010, respectively and the characteristics of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases.. Are commonly grown crops the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the effect of northeast. Of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia, 5.5 mechanisms. To climate change and winter rainfall distribution have dynamics in discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia and its implications types! And a half decades, the negative values indicates decreasing trends characterized by diverse conditions! Dissected terrain with steep slopes both positive and negative trends in long time series of MMA! Prolonged climatic variability of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator the... Following the directness of the curve indicates speedy movement decades, the following and. Noguer ( 2002 ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols trends revealed significantly! The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes a climate! Called Abolse ), Babel et al is particularly due to climate change 2019! Livelihood activities this time, the ITCZ shifts towards equator moving annual seasonal! Given the prolonged climatic variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution is also variable in time and.! Seven stations Environ Monit assess the interior highlands the space forequatorial westerlies trends of rainfall temperature!
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